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| MQHL-28-12S Single Output HIGH RELIABILITY DC-DC CONVERTER 16-40 V Continuous Input 16-50 V Transient Input 12 V Output 4.0 A Output TO 88% @ 2 A / 88% @ 4 A Efficiency ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n FULL POWER OPERATION: -55C +125C The MilQor series of high-reliability DC-DC converters brings SynQor's field proven high-efficiency synchronous rectifier technology to the Military/Aerospace industry. SynQor's innovative QorSealTM packaging approach ensures survivability in the most hostile environments. converters operate at a fixed frequency, have no optoCompatible with the industry standard format, these isolators, and follow conservative component derating comply with a wide range of military standards. Design Process MQ H 8-1 L-2 n1 2S4A B Y-H i 28V ut 2Vo guidelines. They are designed and manufactured to MQHL series converters are: * Designed for reliability per NAVSO-P3641-A guidelines * Designed with components derated per: -- MIL-HDBK-1547A -- NAVSO P-3641A DESIGNED & MANUFACTURED IN THE USA FEATURING QORSEALTM HI-REL ASSEMBLY Features Qualification Process MQHL series converters are qualified to: * MIL-STD-810F -- consistent with RTCA/D0-160E * SynQor's First Article Qualification -- consistent with MIL-STD-883F * SynQor's Long-Term Storage Survivability Qualification * SynQor's on-going life test * * * * * * * * Fixed switching frequency No opto-isolators Remote sense Clock synchronization Primary referenced enable Continuous short circuit and overload protection Input under-voltage lockout/over-voltage shutdown Output under voltage and over voltage protection Specification Compliance In-Line Manufacturing Process * * * * * * AS9100 and ISO 9001:2000 certified facility Full component traceability Temperature cycling Constant acceleration 24, 96, 160 hour burn-in Three level temperature screening Phone 1-888-567-9596 MQHL series converters (with MQHE filter) are designed to meet: * MIL-HDBK-704-8 (A through F) * RTCA/DO-160E Section 16 * MIL-STD-1275B * DEF-STAN 61-5 (part 6)/5 * MIL-STD-461 (C, D, E) * RTCA/DO-160E Section 22 Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Product # MQHL-28-12S www.synqor.com Page 1 Technical Specification BLOCK DIAGRAM MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n REGULATION STAGE ISOLATION STAGE 1 POSITIVE INPUT CURRENT SENSE 7 T1 T2 T1 T2 POSITIVE OUTPUT 2 INPUT RETURN 8 OUTPUT RETURN 3 CASE GATE DRIVERS GATE CONTROL 1 2 1 1 UVLO OVSD CURRENT LIMIT NO CONNECT TRIM 4 5 6 ENABLE 1 PRIMARY CONTROL CONTROL POWER OVP MAGNETIC SECONDARY CONTROL 1 0 9 SYNC OUT + SENSE FEEDBACK SYNC IN - SENSE TYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAM 1 2 3 4 5 6 +VIN CASE IN RTN ENA 1 N/C 12 TRIM 11 28 Vdc + MQHL +SNS 10 -SNS 9 + open means on SYNC OUT SYNC IN OUT RTN 8 +VOUT 7 Load Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 2 Technical Specification MQHL-28-12S ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Parameter ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltage Non-Operating Operating Reverse Bias (Tcase = 125C) Reverse Bias (Tcase = -55C) Isolation Voltage (I/O to case, I to O) Continuous Transient (100 s) Operating Case Temperature Storage Case Temperature Lead Temperature (20 s) Voltage at ENA1, ENA2 INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Operating Input Voltage Range " Input Under-Voltage Lockout Turn-On Voltage Threshold Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Lockout Voltage Hysteresis Input Over-Voltage Shutdown Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Turn-On Voltage Threshold Shutdown Voltage Hysteresis Maximum Input Current No Load Input Current (operating) Disabled Input Current (ENA) Input Terminal Current Ripple (pk-pk) OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point (Tcase = 25C) Output Voltage Set Point Over Temperature Output Voltage Line Regulation Output Voltage Load Regulation Total Output Voltage Range Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak to Peak Operating Output Current Range Operating Output Power Range Output DC Current-Limit Inception Back-Drive Current Limit while Enabled Back-Drive Current Limit while Disabled Maximum Output Capacitance DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Deviation Load Transient For a Pos. Step Change in Load Current For a Neg. Step Change in Load Current Output Voltage Deviation Line Transient For a Pos. Step Change in Line Voltage For a Neg. Step Change in Line Voltage Turn-On Transient Output Voltage Rise Time Output Voltage Overshoot Turn-On Delay, Rising Vin Turn-On Delay, Rising ENA Restart Inhibit Time Short Circuit Start Time EFFICIENCY Iout = 4 A (16 Vin) Iout = 2 A (16 Vin) Iout = 4 A (28 Vin) Iout = 2 A (28 Vin) Iout = 4 A (40 Vin) Iout = 2 A (40 Vin) Load Fault Power Dissipation Short Circuit Power Dissipation MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions Vin=28 V dc 5%, Iout=4 A, CL=0 F, free running (see Note 9) unless otherwise specified Group A Subgroup (see Note 12) ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n 60 50 -0.8 -1.2 500 800 125 135 300 50 40 50 V V V V See Note 1 -500 -800 -55 -65 -1.2 16 16 V V C C C V V V See Note 2 28 28 14.75 14.00 0.80 52.0 50.5 1.0 15.50 14.75 0.85 55.0 53.5 1.5 75 10 40 16.00 15.50 0.90 58.0 56.5 2.0 3.9 100 15 60 V V V Continuous Transient, 1 s See Note 3 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6 V V V A mA mA mA See Note 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, Vin = 16 V; Iout = 4 A Vin = 16 V, 28 V, 50 V Bandwidth = 100 kHz - 10 MHz; see Figure 14 Vout at sense leads " " ; Vin = 16 V, 28 V, 50 V; Iout=4 A " ; Vout @ (Iout=0 A) - Vout @ (Iout=4 A) " Bandwidth = 10 MHz; CL=11F See Note 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 11.88 12.00 12.12 11.808 12.00 12.192 -20 0 20 -70 0 70 11.76 12.00 12.24 15 45 0 4 0 48 4.4 5 5.5 1.2 10 30 5,000 -750 -400 400 V V mV mV V mV A W A A mA F mV mV 750 -100 -100 100 100 10 2 8.0 6.0 250 25 mV mV ms % ms ms ms ms % % % % % % W W See Note 6 Total Iout step = 2A-4A, 0.4A-2A; CL=11F " Vin step = 16V-50V; CL=11 F; see Note 8 " " 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 15 6 0 5.5 3.0 180 20 Vout = 1.2V-10.8V; Full Resistive Load Resistive load ENA = 5 V; see Notes 9 & 11 See Note 9 See Note 11 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD 89 90 88 88 86 85 TBD TBD TBD TBD Iout at current limit inception point; see Note 4 Vout 1.2 V 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 1 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 See Note 5 4, 5, 6 See Note 5 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 Page 3 Technical Specification Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A MQHL-28-12S ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) Vin=28 V dc 5%, Iout=4 A, CL=0 F, free running (see Note 9) unless otherwise specified Group A Subgroup (see Note 12) ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS Isolation Voltage Dielectric strength Input RTN to Output RTN 500 V 1 Any Input Pin to Case 500 V 1 Any Output Pin to Case 500 V 1 Isolation Resistance (in rtn to out rtn) 100 M 1 Isolation Resistance (any pin to case) 100 M 1 Isolation Capacitance (in rtn to out rtn) 22 nF 1 FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS Switching Frequency (free running) 500 550 600 kHz 1, 2, 3 Synchronization Input Frequency Range 500 700 kHz 1, 2, 3 Logic Level High 2.0 5.5 V 1, 2, 3 Logic Level Low -0.5 0.8 V 1, 2, 3 Duty Cycle 20 80 % See Note Synchronization Output Pull Down Current 20 mA VSYNC OUT = 0.8 V See Note Duty Cycle 40 60 % Output connected to SYNC IN of other MQFL unit See Note Enable Control (ENA) Off-State Voltage 0.8 V 1, 2, 3 Module Off Pulldown Current 80 A Current drain required to ensure module is off See Note On-State Voltage 2 V 1, 2, 3 Module On Pin Leakage Current 20 A Imax draw from pin allowed with module still on See Note Pull-Up Voltage 3.2 4.0 4.8 V See Figure A 1, 2, 3 RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS Calculated MTBF (MIL-STD-217F2) GB @ Tcase = 70C 2800 103 Hrs. AIF @ Tcase = 70C 440 103 Hrs. Demonstrated MTBF TBD 103 Hrs. WEIGHT CHARACTERISTICS Device Weight 50 g Electrical Characteristics Notes 1. Converter will undergo input over-voltage shutdown. 2. Derate output power to 50% of rated power at Tcase = 135 C. 3. High or low state of input voltage must persist for about 200s to be acted on by the lockout or shutdown circuitry. 4. Current limit inception is defined as the point where the output voltage has dropped to 90% of its nominal value. 5. Parameter not tested but guaranteed to the limit specified. 6. Load current transition time 10 s. 7. Line voltage transition time 100 s. 8. Input voltage rise time 250 s. 9. Operating the converter at a synchronization frequency above the free running frequency will slightly reduce the converter's efficiency and may also cause a slight reduction in the maximum output current/power available. For more information consult the factory. 10. After a disable or fault event, module is inhibited from restarting for 180 ms. See Shut Down section. 11. The module will attempt to start into an overload for 20ms before shutting down and waiting to Auto Retry. 12. Only the ES and HB grade products are tested at three temperatures. The C grade products are tested at one temperature. Please refer to the ESS table for details. 13. These derating curves apply for the ES- and HB- grade products. The C- grade product has a maximum case temperature of 100 C and a maximum junction temperature rise of 20 C above Tcase. 5 5 5 5 5 Page 4 Technical Specification MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n To be provided in future revisions. To be provided in future revisions. Figure 1: Efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at TCASE =25C. Figure 2: Efficiency at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs. case temperature for input voltage of 155V, 270V, and 400V. To be provided in future revisions. To be provided in future revisions. Figure 3: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at TCASE =25C. Figure 4: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs. case temperature for input voltage of 155V, 270V, and 400V. 5 60 4 48 Pout (W) Iout (A) 3 36 2 24 To be provided in future revisions. Tjmax = 105 C Tjmax = 125 C Tjmax = 145 C 1 12 0 0 25 45 65 85 105 125 135 145 Case Temperature (C) Figure 5: Output Current / Output Power derating curve as a function of TCASE and the Maximum desired power MOSFET junction temperature. Vin = 270V. Phone 1-888-567-9596 Figure 6: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit curves. See Current Limit section in the Application Notes. Product # MQHL-28-12S www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 5 Technical Specification MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n To be provided in future revisions. To be provided in future revisions. Figure 7: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output capacitance initiated by ENA1. Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: Vout (2 V/div). Ch 2: ENA1 (2 V/div). Figure 8: Turn-on 10 A resistive and 5 mF output capacitance initiated by ENA1. Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: Vout (2 V/div). Ch 2: ENA1 (2 V/div). To be provided in future revisions. To be provided in future revisions. Figure 9: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output capacitance initiated by Vin. ENA1 previously high. Ch 1: Vout (2 V/div). Ch 2: Vin (2 V/div). Figure 10: Output voltage response to step-change in load current 50%- 100%-50% of Iout (max). Load cap: 1 F ceramic cap and 10 F, 100 mW ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1: Vout (100 mV/div). Ch 2: Iout (5 A/div). To be provided in future revisions. To be provided in future revisions. Figure 11: Output voltage response to step-change in load current Figure 12: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage 0%-50%-0% of Iout (max). Load cap: 1F ceramic cap and 10F, 100 mW ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1: Vout (100 mV/div). Ch 2: Iout (5 A/div). Phone 1-888-567-9596 (16 V - 50 V - 16 V) in 250 S. Ch 1: Vout (200 mV/div). Ch 2: Vin (10 V/div). Product # MQHL-28-12S www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 6 Technical Specification MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A See Fig. 14 See Fig. 15 ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n MQHE Filter iC MQHL Converter VOUT To be provided in future revisions. VSOURCE ceramic 100mW ESR capacitor capacitor 1 F 10 F, Figure 13: Test set-up diagram showing measurement points for Input Terminal Ripple Current (Figure 14) and Output Voltage Ripple (Figure 15). Figure 14: Input terminal current ripple, ic, at full rated output current and nominal input voltage with SynQor MQ filter module (50 mA/div). Bandwidth: 20MHz. See Figure 13. To be provided in future revisions. To be provided in future revisions. Figure 15: Output voltage ripple, Vout, at nominal input voltage and rated load current (20 mV/div). Load capacitance: 1F ceramic capacitor and 10F tantalum capacitor. Bandwidth: 10 MHz. See Figure 13. Figure 16: Rise of output voltage after the removal of a short circuit across the output terminals. Ch 1: Vout (2V/div). Ch 2: Iout (10A/div). Figure 17: SYNC OUT vs. time, driving SYNC IN of a second SynQor MQHL converter. Ch1: SYNC OUT: (1V/div). Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 7 Technical Specification BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES The MQHL DC/DC converter uses a two-stage power conversion topology. The first, or regulation, stage is a buck-converter that keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temperature. The second, or isolation, stage uses transformers to provide the functions of input/output isolation and voltage transformation to achieve the output voltage required. Both the regulation and the isolation stages switch at a fixed frequency for predictable EMI performance. The isolation stage switches at one half the frequency of the regulation stage, but due to the push-pull nature of this stage it creates a ripple at double its switching frequency. As a result, both the input and the output of the converter have a fundamental ripple frequency of about 550 kHz in the freerunning mode. MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A CONTROL FEATURES ENABLE: The MQFL converter has one enable pin, ENA1 (pin 4), which is referenced with respect to the converter's input return (pin 2). It must have a logic high level for the converter to be enabled; a logic low inhibits the converter. The enable pin is internally pulled high so that an open connection will enable the converter. Figure A shows the equivalent circuit looking into the enable pin. It is TTL compatible and has hysteresis. 5V ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n 82.5K Rectification of the isolation stage's output is accomplished with synchronous rectifiers. These devices, which are MOSFETs with a very low resistance, dissipate far less energy than would Schottky diodes. This is the primary reason why the MQHL converters have such high efficiency, particularly at low output voltages. Besides improving efficiency, the synchronous rectifiers permit operation down to zero load current. There is no longer a need for a minimum load, as is typical for converters that use diodes for rectification. The synchronous rectifiers actually permit a negative load current to flow back into the converter's output terminals if the load is a source of short or long term energy. The MQHL converters employ a "backdrive current limit" to keep this negative output terminal current small. PIN4 ENA1 10K TO ENABLE CIRCUITRY PIN2 IN RTN Figure A: Equivalent circuit looking into the ENA1 pin. There is a control circuit in the MQHL converter that determines the conduction state of the power switches. It communicates across the isolation barrier through a magnetically coupled device. No opto-isolators are used. An input under-voltage lockout feature with hysteresis is provided, as well as an input over-voltage shutdown and an output over-voltage limit. There is also an output current limit that is nearly constant as the load impedance decreases (i.e., there is not fold-back or fold-forward characteristic to the output current under this condition). When a load fault is removed, the output voltage rises exponentially to its nominal value without an overshoot. If a load fault pulls the output voltage below about 60% of nominal, the converter will shut down to attempt to clear the load fault. After a short delay it will try to auto-restart. The MQHL converter's control circuit does not implement an over-temperature shutdown. The following sections describe the use and operation of additional control features provided by the MQHL converter. SHUT DOWN: The MQHL converter will shut down in response to only five conditions: ENA input low, VIN input below under-voltage lockout threshold, VIN input above over-voltage shutdown threshold, output voltage below the output under-voltage threshold, and output voltage above the output over-voltage threshold. Following any shutdown event, there is a startup inhibit delay which will prevent the converter from restarting for approximately 100ms. After the 100ms delay elapses, if the enable inputs are high and the input voltage is within the operating range, the converter will restart. If the VIN input is brought down to nearly 0V and back into the operating range, there is no startup inhibit, and the output voltage will rise according to the "Turn-On Delay, Rising Vin" specification. REMOTE SENSE: The purpose of the remote sense pins is to correct for the voltage drop along the conductors that connect the converter's output to the load. To achieve this goal, a separate conductor should be used to connect the +SENSE pin (pin 10) directly to the positive terminal of the load, as shown in the connection diagram on Page 2. Similarly, the -SENSE pin (pin 9) should be connected through a separate conductor to the return terminal of the load. NOTE: Even if remote sensing of the load voltage is not desired, the +SENSE and the -SENSE pins must be connected to +Vout (pin 7) and OUTPUT RETURN (pin 8), respectively, to get proper regulation of the converter's output. If they are left open, the converter will have an output voltage that is approximately 200mV higher than its specified value. Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 8 Technical Specification Inside the converter, +SENSE is connected to +Vout with a 100 resistor and -SENSE is connected to OUTPUT RETURN with a 10 resistor. It is also important to note that when remote sense is used, the voltage across the converter's output terminals (pins 7 and 8) will be higher than the converter's nominal output voltage due to resistive drops along the connecting wires. This higher voltage at the terminals produces a greater voltage stress on the converter's internal components and may cause the converter to fail to deliver the desired output voltage at the low end of the input voltage range at the higher end of the load current and temperature range. Please consult the factory for details. MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A Figure B shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC IN pin and Figure C shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC OUT pin. 5V ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n 5K FROM SYNC CIRCUITRY SYNC OUT PIN 5 PIN 2 IN RTN SYNCHRONIZATION: The MQHL converter's switching frequency can be synchronized to an external frequency source that is in the 500 kHz to 700 kHz range. A pulse train at the desired frequency should be applied to the SYNC IN pin (pin 6) with respect to the INPUT RETURN (pin 2). This pulse train should have a duty cycle in the 20% to 80% range. Its low value should be below 0.8V to be guaranteed to be interpreted as a logic low, and its high value should be above 2.0V to be guaranteed to be interpreted as a logic high. The transition time between the two states should be less than 300ns. If the MQHL converter is not to be synchronized, the SYNC IN pin should be left open circuit. The converter will then operate in its free-running mode at a frequency of approximately 550 kHz. OPEN COLLECTOR OUTPUT Figure C: Equivalent circuit looking into SYNC OUT pin with respect to the IN RTN (input return) pin. OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM: the TRIM pin (pin 11) can adjust the MQHL converter's output voltage 10% around its nominal value. To trim the output voltage above its nominal value, connect an external resistor from the TRIM pin to the -SENSE pin as shown in Figure D. The value of this trim up resistor should be chosen according to the following equation or from Figure E: Rtrim up() = 6000 *Vnom Vout - Vnom - 30000 If, due to a fault, the SYNC IN pin is held in either a logic low or logic high state continuously, or the SYNC IN frequency is outside the 500-700 kHz range, the MQHL converter will revert to its free-running frequency. where: The MQHL converter also has a SYNC OUT pin (pin 5). This output can be used to drive the SYNC IN pins of as many as ten (10) other MQHL converters. The pulse train coming out of SYNC OUT has a duty cycle of 50% and a frequency that matches the switching frequency of the converter with which it is associated. This frequency is either the free-running frequency if there is no valid synchronization signal at the SYNC IN pin, or the synchronization frequency if there is. The synchronization feature is entirely compatible with that of SynQor's MQFL family of converters. 5V Vnom = the converter's nominal output voltage, Vout = the desired output voltage (greater than Vnom), and Rtrim up is in Ohms. As the output voltage is trimmed up, it produces a greater voltage stress on the converter's internal components and may cause the converter to fail to deliver the desired output voltage at the low end of the input voltage range at the higher end of the load current and temperature range. Please consult the factory for details. To trim the output voltage below its nominal value, connect an external resistor between the TRIM pin and the +SENSE pin. The value of this trim down resistor should be chosen according to the following equation or from Figure E: Rtrim down( ) = where: 15000 *Vout--6000 *Vnom Vnom--Vout - 30000 5K PIN 6 SYNC IN IN RTN 5K TO SYNC CIRCUITRY PIN 2 Vnom = the converter's nominal output voltage, and Vout = the desired output voltage (less than Vnom), Rtrim down is in Ohms. Figure B: Equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC IN pin with respect to the IN RTN (input return) pin. Phone 1-888-567-9596 Factory trimmed converters are available by request. Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Product # MQHL-28-12S www.synqor.com Page 9 Technical Specification 10000 Trim Up External Trim Resistance (kOhms) MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A shutdown threshold does not change with output trim or sense drops; excessive trim-up or output wiring drops may cause an output over-voltage shutdown event. After a startup inhibit delay, the converter will attempt to restart. OUTPUT UNDER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQHL converter will also shut down if the voltage at its power output pins ever dips below 60% of the nominal value for more than a few milliseconds. Output voltage reduction due to output current overload (current limit) is the most common trigger for this shutdown. The shutdown threshold does not change with output trim but at only 10%, trimdown should not trigger this event. After a startup inhibit delay, the converter will attempt to restart. This shutdown is disabled during startup. BACK-DRIVE CURRENT LIMIT: Converters that use MOSFETs as synchronous rectifiers are capable of drawing a negative current from the load if the load is a source of short- or long-term energy. This negative current is referred to as a "back-drive current". Conditions where back-drive current might occur include paralleled converters that do not employ current sharing. It can also occur when converters having different output voltages are connected together through either explicit or parasitic diodes that, while normally off, become conductive during startup or shutdown. Finally, some loads, such as motors, can return energy to their power rail. Even a load capacitor is a source of back-drive energy for some period of time during a shutdown transient. To avoid any problems that might arise due to back-drive current, the MQHL converters limit the negative current that the converter can draw from its output terminals. The threshold for this back-drive current limit is placed sufficiently below zero so that the converter may operate properly down to zero load, but its absolute value (see the Electrical Characteristics page) is small compared to the converter's rated output current. Trim Down ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n 1000 100 10 -10% -8% -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% Output Voltage Adjustment Figure D: Trim up and Trim down as a function of external trim resistance. INPUT UNDER-VOLTAGE LOCKOUT: The MQHL converter has an under-voltage lockout feature that ensures the converter will be off if the input voltage is too low. The input voltage turn-on threshold is higher than the turn-off threshold. In addition, the MQHL converter will not respond to a state of the input voltage unless it has remained in that state for more than about 200s. This hysteresis and the delay ensure proper operation when the source impedance is high or in a noisy environment. INPUT OVER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQHL converter also has an over-voltage feature that ensures the converter will be off if the input voltage is too high. It also has a hysteresis and time delay to ensure proper operation. OUTPUT OVER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQHL converter will shut down if the voltage at its power output pins ever exceeds about 130% of the nominal value. The RTRIM DOWN 1 2 3 4 5 6 +VIN CASE 28 Vdc IN RTN ENA 1 N/C 12 TRIM 11 RTRIM UP + - MQHL +SNS 10 -SNS 9 + open means on SYNC OUT SYNC IN OUT RTN 8 +VOUT 7 Load Figure E: Typical connection for output voltage trimming. Phone 1-888-567-9596 Product # MQHL-28-12S www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 10 Technical Specification THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS: Figure 5 shows the suggested Power Derating Curves for this converter as a function of the case temperature and the maximum desired power MOSFET junction temperature. All other components within the converter are cooler than its hottest MOSFET, which at full power is no more than 20C higher than the case temperature directly below this MOSFET. The Mil-HDBK-1547A component derating guideline calls for a maximum component temperature of 105C. Figure 5 therefore has one power derating curve that ensures this limit is maintained. It has been SynQor's extensive experience that reliable long-term converter operation can be achieved with a maximum component temperature of 125C. In extreme cases, a maximum temperature of 145C is permissible, but not recommended for long-term operation where high reliability is required. Derating curves for these higher temperature limits are also included in Figure 5. The maximum case temperature at which the converter should be operated is 135C. MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A When the converter is mounted on a metal plate, the plate will help to make the converter's case bottom a uniform temperature. How well it does so depends on the thickness of the plate and on the thermal conductance of the interface layer (e.g. thermal grease, thermal pad, etc.) between the case and the plate. Unless this is done very well, it is important not to mistake the plate's temperature for the maximum case temperature. It is easy for them to be as much as 5-10C different at full power and at high temperatures. It is suggested that a thermocouple be attached directly to the converter's case through a small hole in the plate when investigating how hot the converter is getting. Care must also be made to ensure that there is not a large thermal resistance between the thermocouple and the case due to whatever adhesive might be used to hold the thermocouple in place. INPUT SYSTEM INSTABILITY: This condition can occur because any dc-dc converter appears incrementally as a negative resistance load. A detailed application note titled "Input System Instability" is available on the SynQor website which provides an understanding of why this instability arises, and shows the preferred solution for correcting it. ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 11 Technical Specification CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS SCREENING OPTIONS MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A Screening Internal Visual Consistent with MIL-STD-883F C-Grade (-40 C to +100 C) Yes No ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n * Yes Yes Temperature Cycle Constant Acceleration Method 1010 Condition B (-55 C to +125 C) 500g Condition C (-65 C to +150 C) Condition A (5000g) Method 2001 (Y1 Direction) No Burn-in Method 1015 Load Cycled * 10s period * 2s @ 100% Load * 8s @ 0% Load Method 5005 (Group A) 24 Hrs @ +125 C 96 Hrs @ +125 C 160 Hrs @ +125 C Final Electrical Test +25 C -45, +25, +100 C -55, +25, +125 C Mechanical Seal, Thermal, and Coating Process External Visual Full QorSeal Full QorSeal Full QorSeal 2009 ES-Grade (-55 C to +125 C) (Element Evaluation) HB-Grade (-55 C to +125 C) (Element Evaluation) * Yes Yes Construction Process QorSeal QorSeal QorSeal * Per IPC-A-610 (Rev. D) Class 3 MilQor converters and filters are offered in four variations of construction technique and environmental stress screening options. The three highest grades, C, ES, and HB, all use SynQor's proprietary QorSealTM Hi-Rel assembly process that includes a Parylene-C coating of the circuit, a high performance thermal compound filler, and a nickel barrier gold plated aluminum case. Each successively higher grade has more stringent mechanical and electrical testing, as well as a longer burn-in cycle. The ES- and HB-Grades are also constructed of components that have been procured through an element evaluation process that pre-qualifies each new batch of devices. Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 12 Technical Specification MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n MQHL-28-12S-U-HB DC-DC CONVERTER 28Vin 12Vout @ 4A PACKAGE PINOUTS Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Function Case U POSITIVE INPUT INPUT RETURN CASE ENABLE 1 SYNC OUTPUT SYNC INPUT POSITIVE OUTPUT OUTPUT RETURN - SENSE + SENSE TRIM No Connection NOTES MQHL-28-12S-W-HB DC-DC CONVERTER 28Vin 12Vout @ 4A 1) Case: Aluminum with gold over nickel plate finish for the C-, ES-, and HB-Grade products. 2) Pins: Diameter: 0.040" (1.02mm) Material: Copper Gold over Nickel plate Finish: 3) All dimensions as inches (mm) 4) Tolerances: a) x.xx +0.02" (x.x +0.5mm) b) x.xxx +0.010" (x.xx +0.25mm) 5) Weight: 1.6 oz. (45.4 g) typical 6) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class III Case W Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 13 Technical Specification MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n MQHL-28-12S-X-HB DC-DC CONVERTER 28Vin 12Vout @ 4A PACKAGE PINOUTS Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Function Case X POSITIVE INPUT INPUT RETURN CASE ENABLE 1 SYNC OUTPUT SYNC INPUT POSITIVE OUTPUT OUTPUT RETURN - SENSE + SENSE TRIM No Connection NOTES MQHL-28-12S-Y-HB DC-DC CONVERTER 28Vin 12Vout @ 4A 1) Case: Aluminum with gold over nickel plate finish for the C-, ES-, and HB-Grade products. 2) Pins: Diameter: 0.040" (1.02mm) Material: Copper Gold over Nickel plate Finish: 3) All dimensions as inches (mm) 4) Tolerances: a) x.xx +0.02" (x.x +0.5mm) b) x.xxx +0.010" (x.xx +0.25mm) 5) Weight: 1.6 oz. (45.4 g) typical 6) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class III Case Y Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 14 Technical Specification MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n MQHL-28-12S-Z-HB PACKAGE PINOUTS Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 DC-DC CONVERTER 28Vin 12Vout @ 4A Function Case Z POSITIVE INPUT INPUT RETURN CASE ENABLE 1 SYNC OUTPUT SYNC INPUT POSITIVE OUTPUT OUTPUT RETURN - SENSE + SENSE TRIM No Connection NOTES 1) Case: Aluminum with gold over nickel plate finish for the C-, ES-, and HB-Grade products. 2) Pins: Diameter: 0.040" (1.02mm) Material: Copper Gold over Nickel plate Finish: 3) All dimensions as inches (mm) 4) Tolerances: a) x.xx +0.02" (x.x +0.5mm) b) x.xxx +0.010" (x.xx +0.25mm) 5) Weight: 1.6 oz. (45.4 g) typical 6) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class III Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 15 Technical Specification MilQor MQHL FAMILY MATRIX MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n Single Output 1.5V (1R5S) 20A 1.8V (1R8S) 20A 2.5V (2R5S) 20A 3.3V (3R3S) 15A 5V (05S) 10A 6V (06S) 8A 7.5V (7R5S) 6.6A 9V (09S) 5.5A 12V (12S) 4A 15V (15S) 3.3A 28V (28S) 1.8A The tables below show the array of MQHL converters available. When ordering SynQor converters, please ensure that you use the complete part number according to the table in the last page. Contact the factory for other requirements. MQHL-28 16-40Vin Cont. 16-50Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 60V MQHL-28E 16-70Vin Cont. 16-80Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin =100V 20A 20A 20A 15A 10A 8A 6.6A 5.5A 4A 3.3A 1.8A Dual Output 5V (05D) 10A Total 12V (12D) 4A Total 15V (15D) 3.3A Total MQHL-28 16-40Vin Cont. 16-50Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 60V MQHL-28E 16-70Vin Cont. 16-80Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin =100V 10A Total 4A Total 3.3A Total *Converters may be operated continuously at the highest transient input voltage, but some component electrical and thermal stresses would be beyond MIL-HDBK-1547A guidelines. 80% of total output current available on any one output. Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 16 Technical Specification PART NUMBERING SYSTEM MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A The part numbering system for SynQor's MilQor DC-DC converters follows the format shown in the table below. Model Name Input Voltage Range Output Voltage(s) Package Outline/ Pin Configuration Screening Grade ad pu bl va ic n at ce io d n Single Output Dual Output MQHL 28 28E 1R5S 1R8S 2R5S 3R3S 05S 06S 7R5S 09S 12S 15S 28S 05D 12D 15D U X Y W Z C ES HB APPLICATION NOTES A variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format from the SynQor website. Example: MQHL - 28 - 12S - Y - ES PATENTS 5,999,417 6,927,987 SynQor holds the following patents, one or more of which might apply to this product: 6,222,742 7,050,309 6,545,890 7,072,190 6,577,109 7,085,146 6,594,159 7,119,524 6,731,520 7,269,034 6,894,468 7,272,021 6,896,526 7,272,023 Contact SynQor for further information: Phone: Toll Free: Fax: E-mail: Web: Address: 978-849-0600 888-567-9596 978-849-0602 mqnbofae@synqor.com www.synqor.com 155 Swanson Road Boxborough, MA 01719 USA Phone 1-888-567-9596 Warranty SynQor offers a two (2) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our website or is available upon request from SynQor. Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SynQor. Product # MQHL-28-12S www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 17 |
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